{"id":2648,"date":"2016-08-07T08:30:32","date_gmt":"2016-08-06T22:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/?p=2648"},"modified":"2025-03-17T13:26:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T13:26:09","slug":"30-15-intermittent-fitness-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/","title":{"rendered":"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Contents of Article<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Summary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (IFT)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do you conduct the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do you score the 30-15 IFT?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the 30-15 IFT valid and reliable?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are there any issues with the 30-15 IFT?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>References<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>About the Author<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (IFT) has become an extremely popular field test for the analysis of many athletes, some of which include football (soccer), field hockey, netball, and handball. The test was originally developed to measure several physical qualities\/capacities that are challenged during intermittent sports. Since then, it has been shown to be a reliable measure of VO<sup>2<\/sup> max, but this has only been compared to the University of Montreal Track Test and not \u201cgold-standard\u201d laboratory gas analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, it may not be a reliable measure of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2524\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a> due to the influence of the anaerobic velocity reserve. However, this is why \u2018corrective equations\u2019 are used to calculate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2525\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a> from VO<sup>2<\/sup> max tests. Amongst several other factors, change of direction capacity has been shown to influence an athlete\u2019s performance during this test, suggesting players with better capacities to repeatedly change direction may perform better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Warm-Up-1500x430.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Invented by Martin Buchheit, the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT) was developed as a reference guide for interval training prescription and to measure typical physical qualities\/capacities that are challenged during intermittent sports such as football (soccer), handball, netball, and field hockey. More specifically, it was developed to measure an athlete\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2526\">maximal aerobic function<\/a>, anaerobic capacity, neuromuscular and change of direction qualities, and their ability to recover during intermittent exercise (1, 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, and according to Martin Buchheit himself, the test was designed to provide the coach with an overall picture of the athlete\u2019s fitness capacity \u2013 or at least a number of these fitness qualities (3). So although we have placed this test under the \u2018aerobic\u2019 fitness testing category, it actually has several capabilities. Having said that, this diversity also means that the test cannot isolate any particular physical quality (e.g. maximal aerobic function). For example, an athlete who has a poor change of direction capacity may not perform as well \u201caerobically\u201d on the test in comparison to an athlete who has a good change of direction capacity (3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since its original development, it has been diversified to do many different things. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identifying an athlete&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2527\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a> (3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identifying an athlete&#8217;s repeated change of direction capacity (3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identifying an athlete&#8217;s anaerobic velocity reserve (ARV) (3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being used for training prescription (3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Variations of the test: Basketball (4), Wheelchair Basketball (5) and Ice Hockey (6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As expressed in the name, the 30-15 IFT is an \u2018intermittent\u2019 test, which means athletes are required to perform intense exercise followed by a recovery and repeat this until volitional exhaustion. The \u201930-15\u2019 simply refers to the work-to-rest ratio\/time \u2013 meaning the test requires athletes to run for 30 seconds and then recover (i.e. walk) for 15 seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do you conduct the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to note that whenever <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/fitness-testing-on-a-budget-why-what-and-how\/\" data-lasso-id=\"2528\">fitness testing<\/a> is performed, it must be done in a consistent environment (i.e. facility) so it is protected from varying weather types, and with a dependable surface that is not affected by wet or slippery conditions. If the environment is not consistent, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/reliability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2529\">reliability<\/a> of repeated tests at later dates can be substantially hindered and result in worthless data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Facility \u2013 Consistent, flat and non-slip (minimum length 45 metres (m))<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marking cones<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Measuring tape (\u2265 40 m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>30-15 IFT audio CD or MP3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CD or MP3 player with loudspeaker (volume of the speaker is particularly important).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Performance recording sheet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Officiator recording the number of shuttles completed (explained in \u2018Scoring\u2019 section).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Test Configuration<\/strong><br>Figure 1 displays the configuration for the standard 30-15 IFT, this must be adhered to if accurate and reliable data is desired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Setup-Complete.png\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2530\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"846\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Setup-Complete.png\" alt=\"30-15 IFT Setup Complete\" class=\"wp-image-2650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Setup-Complete.png 846w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Setup-Complete-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Setup-Complete-768x531.png 768w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Setup-Complete-450x311.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 846px) 100vw, 846px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1 &#8211; Configuration for the standard 30-15 IFT<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The 30-15 IFT consists of 30-second shuttle runs interspersed with 15-second walking recovery periods. The test starting speed is 8 km\/h (i.e. first 30-second shuttle run), and this speed increases by 0.5 km\/h for every 30-second stage thereafter. So, the running speed at stage 1 is 8 km\/h, stage 2 is 8.5 km\/h, stage 3 at 9 km\/h and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Athletes are required to run back and forth between the two lines set 40m apart (Figure 1) at a speed governed by an audio \u201cbeep\u201d. As the individual progresses through the levels, the time between the beeps decreases giving the individual less time to complete each shuttle, thus increasing the speed\/intensity of the test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two 3m zones in the middle of the testing area (6m in total) exist so the athletes can gauge the required running speed, and therefore adjust their speed accordingly (i.e. speed-up or slow-down). The two 3m end zones\/turning lines also help guide the athlete to adjust\/maintain their speed. During the 15-second recovery period, athletes are required to walk in a forward direction towards the closest 3m zone; this zone is where they will start the next running stage from.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Athletes must reach the next 3m zone \u2013 either the middle one or the end zones \u2013 on a consistent basis. Failure to reach the next 3m zone on three consecutive occasions results in elimination from the test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>As this test can often be confusing for athletes who have never experienced it, it is important to reinforce that the athlete must continue to run for 30-seconds and reach the next 3m zone for each \u2018beep\u2019. This 30-second running interval will then be followed by a 15-second walking recovery. So the athletes simply need to reach the next 3m zone by the beep and adjust their speed accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Participants begin the test from the \u2018start-line\u2019 (Zone A)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When instructed by the audio player, the athletes must run towards the next 3m zone and reach it by the following audio beep, they must continue doing this for the entire 30 seconds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zones A and C, located 40 m apart, are both turning lines. This simply means when athletes reach these zones, they must turn around and begin running towards the opposite zone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A distinctive change in the audio beep will signal the beginning of the 15-second recovery period. During the recovery period, athletes are required to walk slowly, staying within the 3m zone, and prepare for the following 30-second interval.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They must repeat this action continuously until they reach voluntary exhaustion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the athlete fails to reach a 3m recovery zone before the \u2018beep\u2019, the participant is issued with one failed attempt. If the athlete receives three consecutive fail attempts, they are withdrawn from the test and their score recorded as final. However, if the individual reaches the zone before the second consecutive beep, their failed attempts are reset.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Once withdrawn from the test, the individual&#8217;s score must be recorded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do you score the 30-15 IFT?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The speed of the last stage the athlete completes is recorded as their test score. For example, if the athlete completes the 19 km\/h stage, but fails and drops out at stage 19.5 km\/h, then 19 km\/h is recorded as their performance score. This score is often referred to as the \u201cvelocity\u2013intermittent fitness test (V<sub>IFT<\/sub>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How to: Calculate VO<sup>2<\/sup> max<\/strong><br>The athlete&#8217;s VO<sup>2<\/sup> max can also be calculated based on the athlete\u2019s final running speed (V<sub>IFT<\/sub>) using the following formula (3):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VO<sup>2<\/sup> max (ml.kg<sup>\u2013<\/sup>1.min<sup>\u2013<\/sup>1) = 28.3 \u2013 (2.15 x G) \u2013 (0.741 x A) \u2013 (0.0357 x W) + (0.0586 x A x VIFT) + (1.03 x VIFT)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V<sub>IFT<\/sub> is the final running speed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G refers to gender (male = 1; female = 2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A for age (in years)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W for weight (in kilograms)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-1.png\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2531\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"834\" height=\"588\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-1.png\" alt=\"30-15 IFT Scores\" class=\"wp-image-2653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-1.png 834w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-1-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-1-768x541.png 768w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-1-450x317.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figures 2 &#8211; Common test scores for male football (soccer) players.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-females.png\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2532\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"821\" height=\"537\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-females.png\" alt=\"30-15 IFT Scores (females)\" class=\"wp-image-2652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-females.png 821w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-females-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-females-768x502.png 768w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/30-15-IFT-Scores-females-450x294.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 821px) 100vw, 821px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figures 3 &#8211; Common test scores for female football (soccer) players.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Considerations<\/strong><br>When conducting the test there are several factors that need to be taken into consideration before you begin. Some of these include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Individual effort \u2013 Sub-maximal efforts will result in inaccurate scores.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Test regulation \u2013 It is vital to have at least two coaches officiate the procedure to prevent any test misconduct, such as not reaching the recovery zones before the beeps.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clothing and footwear \u2013 incorrect clothing and\/or footwear could easily lead to sub-maximal efforts and therefore worthless data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gFGi-pUdDiA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the 30-15 IFT valid and reliable?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is critical the coach understands the test is both valid and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/reliability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2533\">reliable<\/a> before they include it within their testing battery. Any test that lacks significant validity and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/reliability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2534\">reliability<\/a> will produce worthless results that should not be used literally. Moreover, even a test with sufficient validity and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/reliability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2535\">reliability<\/a> will still have some degree of error\/inconsistency, but understanding how much is a crucial part of the data analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 30-15 <sub>IFT <\/sub>has been shown to have good test-retest reliability with a typical error of measurement to be of 0.3 km\/h (ICC = 0.96), suggesting a potential difference of about one stage (i.e. 0.5 km\/h) (3, 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 30-15 <sub>IFT<\/sub> has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of VO<sup>2<\/sup> max (8), though it is worth noting that this was only compared to the VO<sup>2 <\/sup>max achieved during the University of Montreal Track test \u2013 otherwise known as the L\u00e9ger-Boucher track test (9) \u2013 and not the typical \u201cgold-standard\u201d laboratory gas analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another reason coaches often use the 30-15<sub>IFT<\/sub> is to establish the athlete\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2536\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a>, with this they will then individualise their training prescription. In this instance, it is vital the coach understands that the V<sub>IFT <\/sub>(i.e. the athlete\u2019s 30-15 <sub>IFT<\/sub> score) is not a direct reflection of their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2537\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a>. This is where things get a little complicated, but we will try and keep it as simple and understandable as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As an athlete can continue running, and even run faster even though they have already achieved their VO<sup>2<\/sup> max, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2538\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a> is then simply the \u2018slowest\u2019 speed an athlete will achieve their VO<sup>2<\/sup> max (10). As a result, an athlete may reach their VO<sup>2<\/sup> max at 17 km\/h during the 30-15 <sub>IFT<\/sub>, but may achieve a total score of 18.5 km\/h on the test. This is perhaps more easily understood by viewing Figure 4. The ability to continue running, and even increase running speed, after VO<sup>2<\/sup> max has been reached is known as the \u2018anaerobic velocity reserve\u2019 (3). However, this is why \u2018corrective equations\u2019 are used to calculate maximal aerobic speed from VO<sup>2<\/sup> max tests. All in all, this suggests that the 30-15 <sub>IFT <\/sub>may not be a useful marker of maximal aerobic speed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve.png\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2539\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1047\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve.png\" alt=\"maximal aerobic speed science for sport\" class=\"wp-image-2654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve.png 1047w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve-1024x447.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve-768x335.png 768w, https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Anaerobic-Velocity-Reserve-450x196.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1047px) 100vw, 1047px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are there any issues with the 30-15 IFT?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst the test itself is reliable when performed correctly, it is however subject to several weaknesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It has been shown to be a reliable measure of VO<sup>2<\/sup> max, but only when compared to the University of Montreal Track test.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It may not be a reliable measure of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/maximal-aerobic-speed-mas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2540\">maximal aerobic speed<\/a> due to the influence of the anaerobic velocity reserve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Change of direction capacity influences an athlete\u2019s performance during this test, suggesting players with better capacities to repeatedly change direction may perform better.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulating the test with large groups becomes somewhat difficult as it is hard to track which athletes have repeatedly failed to reach the recovery zones before the beep. Therefore, it is strongly advised that multiple assessors officiate the test.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-83f730af gb-accordion\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a52a7ee9 gb-accordion__item\" data-transition=\"slide\">\n\n<button class=\"gb-button gb-button-a8ce1792 gb-accordion__toggle\"><span class=\"gb-button-text\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"gb-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" ariahidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"gb-accordion__icon\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" ariahidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"gb-accordion__icon-open\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-accordion__content\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ecf8f1da\">\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Buchheit M. 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and repeated sprint ability. Science &amp; Sports 23: 26-28, 2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buchheit M. The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test: accuracy for individualizing interval training of young intermittent sport players. J Strength Cond Res 22: 365-374, 2008. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18550949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2541\">[PubMed]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buchheit, M. (2010). The 30-15 intermittent fitness test \u2013 10-year review. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.martin-buchheit.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2542\">[Link]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Haydar B, and Buchheit M. Le 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test \u2013 application pour le Basketball. Pivot 2-5, 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weissland T, Faupin A, Borel B, Lepr\u00eatre PM. Comparison Between 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and Multistage Field Test on Physiological Responses in Wheelchair Basketball Players. Front Physiol. 2015; 6: 380. Published online 2015 Dec 16. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4679906\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2543\">[PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buchheit M, Levebvre B, Laursen P, and Ahmaidi S. Reliability, usefulness, and validity of the 30\u201315 intermittent ice test in young elite ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 May;25(5):1457-64. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21522077\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2544\">[PubMed]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buchheit M. The 30-15 intermittent fitness test: reliability and implication for interval training of intermittent sport players. In: 10th European Congress of Sport Science. Belgrade, Serbia: 2005.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buchheit M, Al Haddad H, Millet GP, Lepretre PM, Newton M, Ahmaidi S. Cardiorespiratory and cardiac autonomic responses to 30-15 intermittent fitness test in team sport players. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23(1):93-100. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19057401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2545\">[PubMed]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e9ger L &amp; Boucher R. An indirect continuous running multistage field test: the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al track test. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1980 Jun;5(2):77-84. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7389053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2546\">[PubMed]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Berthoin S, Baquet G, Manteca F, Lensel G, Gerbeaux M. Maximal Aerobic Speed and Running Time to Exhaustion for Children 6 to 17 Years Old 1996, 8, 234 \u2013 244. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/pes\/8\/3\/article-p234.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2547\">[Link]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":150,"featured_media":22658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,2,3,1091,167],"tags":[354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,29,363],"content-type":[1940],"class_list":["post-2648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aerobic","category-all","category-articles","category-fitness-testing","category-strength-and-conditioning","tag-30-15-intermittent-fitness-test","tag-30-15-fitness-test","tag-30-15-ift","tag-30-15-intermittent-test","tag-30-15-test","tag-30-15ift","tag-3015-intermittent-fitness-test","tag-aerobic-capacity","tag-aerobic-power","tag-aerobic-test","tag-v02-max-test","content-type-article","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.5 (Yoast SEO v24.8.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Science for Sport\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ScienceforSport\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-08-06T22:30:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-17T13:26:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Owen Walker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ScienceforSport\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ScienceforSport\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Owen Walker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Owen Walker\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1631c6efd087042ca49085c290fdf575\"},\"headline\":\"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-08-06T22:30:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-17T13:26:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\"},\"wordCount\":2115,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"30 15 intermittent fitness test\",\"30-15 fitness test\",\"30-15 IFT\",\"30-15 intermittent test\",\"30-15 test\",\"30-15IFT\",\"30:15 intermittent fitness test\",\"aerobic capacity\",\"aerobic power\",\"aerobic test\",\"V02 max\u00a0test\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Aerobic\",\"All\",\"Articles\",\"Fitness testing\",\"Strength &amp; Conditioning\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\",\"name\":\"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-08-06T22:30:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-17T13:26:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1707,\"caption\":\"Teenage Athlete on Running Training Speed Tests. Young Boy Running Fast in Cleats and Soccer Sports Uniform. Football Practice Unit\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/\",\"name\":\"Science for Sport\",\"description\":\"The #1 Sports Science Resource\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Science for Sport\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/logo-updated.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/logo-updated.svg\",\"width\":651,\"height\":114,\"caption\":\"Science for Sport\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ScienceforSport\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/ScienceforSport\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/scienceforsport\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/science-for-sport\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1631c6efd087042ca49085c290fdf575\",\"name\":\"Owen Walker\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/owen-walker_avatar-96x96.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/owen-walker_avatar-96x96.webp\",\"caption\":\"Owen Walker\"},\"description\":\"Owen is the Founder of Science for Sport and has a Master\u2019s degree in Strength &amp; Conditioning and a Bachelor's degree in Sports Conditioning &amp; Rehabilitation from Cardiff Metropolitan University. Before founding Science for Sport, he was the Head of Academy Sports Science at Cardiff City Football Club, and an interim Sports Scientist for the Welsh Football Association. He's published research on the 'Practical Applications of Water Immersion Recovery Modalities for Team Sports' in the Strength &amp; Conditioning Journal by the NSCA (National Strength &amp; Conditioning Association). He has also been featured in the Sports Business Journal and The Roar, Australia\u2019s leading sports opinion website.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/owen-walker-32ab20129\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/author\/owen_walker\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test","description":"The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test","og_description":"The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/","og_site_name":"Science for Sport","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ScienceforSport\/","article_published_time":"2016-08-06T22:30:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-03-17T13:26:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Owen Walker","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ScienceforSport","twitter_site":"@ScienceforSport","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Owen Walker","Estimated reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/"},"author":{"name":"Owen Walker","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1631c6efd087042ca49085c290fdf575"},"headline":"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test","datePublished":"2016-08-06T22:30:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-17T13:26:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/"},"wordCount":2115,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp","keywords":["30 15 intermittent fitness test","30-15 fitness test","30-15 IFT","30-15 intermittent test","30-15 test","30-15IFT","30:15 intermittent fitness test","aerobic capacity","aerobic power","aerobic test","V02 max\u00a0test"],"articleSection":["Aerobic","All","Articles","Fitness testing","Strength &amp; Conditioning"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/","url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/","name":"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp","datePublished":"2016-08-06T22:30:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-17T13:26:09+00:00","description":"The 30-15 IFT measures aerobic and anaerobic capacity, change of direction qualities, and ability to recover during intermittent exercise.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Sprint-test-scaled.webp","width":2560,"height":1707,"caption":"Teenage Athlete on Running Training Speed Tests. Young Boy Running Fast in Cleats and Soccer Sports Uniform. Football Practice Unit"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/30-15-intermittent-fitness-test\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/","name":"Science for Sport","description":"The #1 Sports Science Resource","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#organization","name":"Science for Sport","url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/logo-updated.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/logo-updated.svg","width":651,"height":114,"caption":"Science for Sport"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ScienceforSport\/","https:\/\/x.com\/ScienceforSport","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/scienceforsport\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/science-for-sport\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1631c6efd087042ca49085c290fdf575","name":"Owen Walker","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/owen-walker_avatar-96x96.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/owen-walker_avatar-96x96.webp","caption":"Owen Walker"},"description":"Owen is the Founder of Science for Sport and has a Master\u2019s degree in Strength &amp; Conditioning and a Bachelor's degree in Sports Conditioning &amp; Rehabilitation from Cardiff Metropolitan University. Before founding Science for Sport, he was the Head of Academy Sports Science at Cardiff City Football Club, and an interim Sports Scientist for the Welsh Football Association. He's published research on the 'Practical Applications of Water Immersion Recovery Modalities for Team Sports' in the Strength &amp; Conditioning Journal by the NSCA (National Strength &amp; Conditioning Association). He has also been featured in the Sports Business Journal and The Roar, Australia\u2019s leading sports opinion website.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/owen-walker-32ab20129\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/author\/owen_walker\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/150"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2648"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32960,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2648\/revisions\/32960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2648"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scienceforsport.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=2648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}